| Book (chapter) |
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| Referens: | Risholm Mothander, P. (2005). Förord till svenska upplagan. [Foreword to Swedish edition.] In D.N. Stern Ögonblickets psykologi. Om tid och förändring i psykoterapi och vardagsliv. [The present moment in psychotherapy and everyday life.] Natur och Kultur. |
| Abstract: | The foreword introduces the author D.N. Stern and discusses his new book in relation to earlier work. It focuses on how theory of intersubjectivity, based on infant research, can be of help in clinical and therapeutic work. |
| Nyckelord: | psykoterapi, intersubjektivitet
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| Journal |
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| Referens: | Risholm Mothander, P. (2005). Behövs de barnpsykiatriska diagnoserna? [Are childpsychiatric diagnoses needed?] Mellanrummet, 12, 49-61. |
| Abstract: | The paper draws a line from the historical use of diagnoses in infant psychiatry to how diagnostic work can be used in an infant mental health setting today. A clinical procedure model and a classification system, Diagnostic Classification, DC:0-3, are introduced and discussed. |
| Nyckelord: | spädbarnspsykologi, DC:0-3
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| Report |
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| Referens: | Risholm Mothander, P., & Grette Moe, R. (in press). Diagnostic Classification, DC:0-3. Utpröving og implementering i en klinisk setting. Regionsenter for Barn og Unges Psykiske Helse, Helseregion Öst og Sör, R.BUP |
| Abstract: | This report presents the results of an implementation of DC:0-3, a multiaxial infant psychiatry classification system, at Nic Waals Institute, (NWI), in Oslo, Norway. During a two-year period 138 (68%) all children under four who were referred to the parent-infant clinic were assessed and independently classified within both DC:0-3 and ICD-10 frameworks. Of the assessed children 59% were given DC:0-3, Axis I classifications, with regulatory disorders, disorders of affect and traumatic stress disorders as most common diagnoses, 48 % received a DC:0-3 Axis II classification of relationship disorder and 27% were given classifications in both DC:0-3 Axes I and II. The profiles of ICD-10 and DC:0-3 classifications were similar but detailed comparisons were made difficult because of the use of many different ICD-10 categories. A validity test was made by using four different parental questionnaires, CES-D, SPSQ, CBCL and ITSC, in a smaller number of families. The results indicate that mothers had a higher degree of self reported depression than fathers. Mothers’ CBCL reports were significantly related to infants’ regulatory and affect disorders as classified with DC:0-3. The value of a classification system developed specifically for mental health problems during infancy with both categorical and dimensional descriptions is discussed. Although more emphasis on validity and reliability issues has to be encouraged DC:0-3 is seen as a valuable complement to already existing diagnostic systems like DSM and ICD. |
| Nyckelord: | infant mental health, späd- och småbarnspsykologi, DC:0-3
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| Journal |
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| Referens: | Risholm Mothander, P., & Grette Moe, R. (2007). Småbarnspykiatrisk diagnostik med DC 0-3. Socialmedicinsk tidskrift, 1, 66-77. |
| Abstract: | The growing understanding of the importance of early development for later functioning has led to an increased need for methods to assess infant mental health problems. This paper describes Diagnostic Classification of Mental Health and Developmental Disorders of Infancy and Early Childhood (DC: 0-3) a descriptive classification system designed to address the need for descriptions of mental health difficulties in the first 4 years of life. DC: 0-3 was implemented in a Psychiatric Program for Infants and Toddlers (Nic Waals Institute) in Norway. DC: 0-3 was used in parallel with earlier established clinical routines and ICD 10 classifaction. A group of 138 children was classified according to DC: 0-3, Axes I and II. 59% of the children were classified with a Primary Diagnosis according to Axis I, and 48 % with a Relationship Classifcation according to Axis II. The clinicians found DC: 0-3 criteria to be more clinically relevant for this age group than the ICD 10, and they appreciated the use of Axis II to describe the relationship. However, the clinical use of DC: 0-3 is depending on a thorough familiarity with both normal and pathological infant development. |
| Nyckelord: | infant mental health, psychiatry, assessment
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| Referens: | Risholm Mothander, P., & Grette Moe, R. (in press). Infant Mental Health Assessment: The use of DC 0-3 in an outpatient child psychiatric clinic in Scandinavia. Scandinavian Journal of Psychology. |
| Abstract: | The study focuses on Infant Mental Health data from an outpatient psychiatric clinic using the Diagnostic Classification of Mental Health and Developmental Disorders of Infancy and Early Childhood (DC: 0-3) and parental questionnaires, CBCL and ITSC. In total, 138 infants (aged 0-3) went through the diagnostic procedure. Sixty eight per cent were diagnosed within Axis I, with regulatory disorder, disorder of affect and traumatic stress disorder being the most frequent diagnoses. In addition, 48 % were classified as having a relationship disorder according to Axis II, with another 40 % being considered to be at risk of developing a relationship disorder. The mothers´ and fathers´ ratings of their children´s extrernalised and sensitivity problems were in agreement with the clinicians, but the ratings of internalised problems as well as relationship problems presented a more complex pattern. |
| Nyckelord: | infant mental health, psychiatry, assessment
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